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Osborne de BOLEBEC1 (M)
b. c 0940
Note* Osborne de Bolebec, a noble Norman, living temp. Richard sans peur Dukeof Normandy, m. Avelina, sister of Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy, and hadtwo sons, Walter and Osborn, [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant,Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England,1883, p. 230, Giffard, Earls of Buckingham] ---------- Osborne de Bolebec, a noble Norman in the time of Robert, father ofWilliam the bastard, had two distinguished sons, Walter and Osborne.[John Burke, History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.I, R. Bentley, London, 1834-1838, p. 206, Giffard, of Chillington]2
Name-Var Osborn de Bolbec3,2
Name-Var Osbern de Bolbec2
Event-Misc X, Type: Progenitor2
Event-Misc* M2
Birth*c 0940Longueville, Normandie, FRA1
Birthc 09452
Immigrant O
Last Edited7 Mar 2001 
 
CoParent Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON
Dau-Bio* (?) de BOLEBEC+
Son-Bioc 0970Walter GIFFARD+2
Son-Bio*c 0970Walter GIFFARD+
Son-Bio*c 0975Godfroi d'ARQUES+
Son-Bioc 0975Godfroi d'ARQUES+2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0076/g0000019.htm#I1372.
  2. [S101] Unknown compiler, 20 March, 2001.
  3. [S103] Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, p. 230, Giffard, Earls of Buckingham.

Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON1 (F)
b. c 0944
Pedigree
Father-Bio* (?) de CREPON
Father-Bio (?) de CREPON2
Event-Misc* F2
Name-Var Avelina de Crepon3,2
Birth*c 09441
Birthc 09502
Immigrant O
Last Edited7 Mar 2001 
 
CoParent Osborne de BOLEBEC
Dau-Bio* (?) de BOLEBEC+
Son-Bioc 0970Walter GIFFARD+2
Son-Bio*c 0970Walter GIFFARD+
Son-Bio*c 0975Godfroi d'ARQUES+
Son-Bioc 0975Godfroi d'ARQUES+2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0076/g0000020.htm#I1373.
  2. [S101] Unknown compiler, 20 March, 2001.
  3. [S103] Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, p. 230, Giffard, Earls of Buckingham.

Godfroi d'ARQUES1 (M)
b. c 0975, d. a 1035
Pedigree
Father-Bio*c 0940Osborne de BOLEBEC
Mother-Bio*c 0944Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON
Father-Bioc 0940Osborne de BOLEBEC2
Mother-Bioc 0944Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON2
Name-Var Godfrey, Vicomte of Arques (?)2
Name-Var Godfrey de Bolbec , Vicomte of Arques2
Event-Misc M2
Birth*c 09752
Death*a 10352
Immigrant O
Last Edited29 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent  
Son-Bio*c 1040William, Vicomte of Arques (?)+2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0076/g0000020.htm#I1373.
  2. [S101] Unknown compiler, 20 March, 2001.

Walter GIFFARD1 (M)
b. c 0970, d. a 1048
Pedigree
Father-Bio*c 0940Osborne de BOLEBEC
Mother-Bio*c 0944Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON
Father-Bioc 0940Osborne de BOLEBEC2
Mother-Bioc 0944Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON2
Note John Burke, in History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland,Vol. I, R. Bentley, London, 1834-1838, p. 206, Giffard, of Chillington,and Sir Bernard Burke, in Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and ExtinctPeerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 230, Giffard,Earls of Buckingham, both omit this Walter from the line, showing the twobrothers, Walter and Osborne Giffard, to be the sons of Osborne de Bolbecand Avelina.2
Name-Var Walter de Bolbec , Lord of Bolbec2
Name-Var Walter de Bolbec2
Event-Misc M2
Birth*c 09702
Death*a 10482
Immigrant O
Last Edited30 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent  
Son-Bio*c 1010Walter I Giffard , 1st Earl of Buckingham+2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0076/g0000020.htm#I1373.
  2. [S101] Unknown compiler, 20 March, 2001.

(?) de CREPON1 (M)
Event-Misc X, Type: Progenitor2
Name-Var Herbastus de Crepon , Forester of Arques2
Name-Var Herfast de Crepon2
Birth* Normandie, FRA1
Event-Misc M2
Birthc 09062
Immigrant O
Last Edited7 Mar 2001 
 
CoParent  
Dau-Bio Wevia [Duvelina] de CREPON+2
Dau-Bio* Wevia [Duvelina] de CREPON+
Dau-Bio* Gunnora de Crepon+
Dau-Bio Gunnora de Crepon+2
Dau-Bio*c 0944Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON+
Dau-Bioc 0944Aveline [Wevie] de CREPON+2
Dau-Bio*c 0945Senfrie de Crepon+2
Dau-Bio*c 0950NN de Crepon+2
Son-Bio*c 0955Herfast (?)+2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0109/g0000060.htm#I5850.
  2. [S101] Unknown compiler, 20 March, 2001.

Guillaume I 'longsword' de Normandie Count de Normandie1 (M)
b. c 0893, d. 17 Dec 0942
Pedigree
Father-Bio*0870Rollo [Robert] 'the ganger' de NORMANDIE Count de Normandie 1 de Rouen ju
Mother-Bio*c 0872Poppa de Senslis de Bayeux
Note* William had supported Louis IV and attempted to establish his protection over Brittany, There remains some doubt about William's claim to the whole Breton peninsula. C.930 the Bretons rebelled, he subdued them, taking Brittany, the Channel Islands, the Contentin, and the Averanchin(933); killed in treacherous ambush 17 Dec. 942 by servants of Theobald of Blois and Arnulf of Flanders. His son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. Note: Isenburg inserts a Robert between Rollo and William I, and makes Robert the conqueror of Bayeux, husb. of Poppa, and 1st Duke. Chronology favors the descent given by Moriarty and Onslow. It seems probable that Robert was another name for Rollo. If there really was a Robert as 1st Duke, then [ROBERT I] would be ROBERT II, which is not the case.
-Charlotte's Web Geneology http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0080/g0000024.htm#I240
Birth*c 0893Rouen, Normandy, FRA prob.1
Death*17 Dec 0942FRA1
Immigrant O
Last Edited12 Apr 2001 
 
CoParent Espriota de Bretagne
Son-Bio*28 Aug 0933Richard I 'the fearless' de Normandie Comte de Normandie+

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0080/g0000024.htm#I240.

Wevia [Duvelina] de CREPON1 (F)
Pedigree
Father-Bio* (?) de CREPON
Father-Bio (?) de CREPON2
Name-Var Wevia de Crepon2
Event-Misc F2
Birthc 0942Pont-Audemer, Normandy, France2
Immigrant O
Last Edited7 Mar 2001 
 
CoParent Touroude de Harcourt , Seigneur de Pont-Audemer
Son-Bio*c 0980Humphrey de Vieilles+2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0109/g0000060.htm#I5850.
  2. [S101] Unknown compiler, 20 March, 2001.

Duke of Clarence Lionel 'of Antwerp' PLANTAGENET1 (M)
b. 29 Nov 1338, d. 10 Dec 1363
Pedigree
Father-Bio*13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III1
Mother-Bio*24 Jun 1311Philippa de Hainault
Birth*29 Nov 1338Antwerp, Belgium1
Marriage09 Sep 1342Tower of London, London, England1
Death*10 Dec 1363Dublin, Ireland1
Marriage28 May 1368Milan, Italy1
Immigrant O
Last Edited24 Mar 2001 

  1. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.

Duke of Gloucester Thomas 'of Woodstock' PLANTAGENET1 (M)
b. 07 Jan 1355, d. bt 15 Sep 1396 - 1397
Pedigree
Father-Bio*13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III1
Mother-Bio*24 Jun 1311Philippa de Hainault
Father-Bio13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III
Mother-Bioc 1314Philippa Hainaut
Burial* St. Edmunds, Westminster, Middlesex, England
Name-Var Thomas Plantagenet
Note Family Source2
Note Person Source2
Birth07 Jan 1354Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire
Birth*07 Jan 1355Woodstock1
Marriage1374Before August 24, 1376
Marriage*13741
Death*bt 15 Sep 1396 -
1397		Calais1
Death08 Sep 1397Smothered At Prince's Inn, Calais, France
Immigrant O
Last Edited25 May 2003 

  1. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  2. [S1939] Unknown compiler, 23 MAR 2003.

King of England Edward Plantagenet II1,2,3,4 (M)
b. 25 Apr 1284, d. 21 Sep 1327
Pedigree
Father-Bio*17 Jun 1239King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I4
Mother-Bio*c 1244Eleanor (?) of Castile
Father-Bio17 Jun 1239King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I
Mother-Bio1244Eleanor UNKNOWN
Name-Var Edward II Plantagenet
Name-Var King Of England (?)
Note Person Source5
Note Isabelle de France; Family Source5
Birth25 Apr 1284Caernarvon Castle, Caernarvon, Wales
Birth*25 Apr 1284Caernarvon Castle, Wales3,4
Christningbt 1307 -
1327		Reign
Marriage*25 Jan 1308Isabelle de France; Boulogne, Pas-DE-Calais, France
Marriage*25 Jan 1308Isabelle de France; Boulogne, FRA3,4
Death*21 Sep 1327Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England, Murdered3,4
Death21 Sep 1327Murdered At Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire
Burial*a 21 Sep 1327Gloucester, Cathedral4
Burial20 Dec 1327Gloucester Cathedral
Immigrant O
Last Edited25 May 2003 
 
CoParent Isabelle de France
Son-Bio13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III+
Son-Bio*13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III+4
Son-Bio*1316John UNKNOWN
Son-Bio*c 15 Aug 1316Earl of Cornwall John 'of Eltham' (?)4
Dau-Bio*1318Eleanor UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*18 Jun 1318Eleanor (?)4
Dau-Bio*1321Joanna (Joan) UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*05 Jul 1321Joan of the Tower (?)4

  1. Edward II (reigned 1307-27) had few of the qualities that made a successful medieval king. Edward surrounded himself with favourites (the best known being a Gascon, Piers Gaveston), and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled. Throughout his reign, different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were counteracted by Edward. Large debts (many inherited) and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce in 1314 made Edward more unpopular. Edward's victory in a civil war (1321-2) and such measures as the 1326 ordinance (a protectionist measure which set up compulsory markets or staples in 14 English, Welsh and Irish towns for the wool trade) did not lead to any compromise between the King and the nobles. Finally, in 1326, Edward's wife, Isabella of France, led an invasion against her husband. In 1327 Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son Edward (the first time that an anointed king of England had been dethroned since Ethelred in 1013). Edward II was later murdered at Berkeley Castle.
    --British Monarchy, Official Web Site http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/plantage.htm#EDWARDII.
  2. [S32] British Monarchy Web Site, online unknown url, http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/plantage.htm#EDWARDII.
  3. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0081/g0000059.htm#I2012.
  4. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  5. [S1939] Unknown compiler, 23 MAR 2003.

Isabelle de France1,2 (F)
b. 1292, d. 22 Aug 1358
Pedigree
Father-Bio*1268King of France Philippe 'the fair' de France IV2
Mother-Bio*1271Joan of_Navarre (?)2
Father-Bio1268Philip IV UNKNOWN
Mother-BioJan 1271Jeanne Navarre
Note King of England Edward Plantagenet II; Family Source3
Name-Marr Plantagenet
Note Person Source3
Name-Var Isabella De France
Burial* Grey Friars, Church, London, England2
Note Roger De Mortimer; Family Source3
Birth*1292Paris2
Birth1292Paris, France
Marriage*25 Jan 1308King of England Edward Plantagenet II; Boulogne, FRA4,2
Marriage25 Jan 1308King of England Edward Plantagenet II; Boulogne, Pas-DE-Calais, France
Death22 Aug 1358Castle Rising, Norfolk, England
Death*22 Aug 1358Castle Rising, Norfolk, England2
Burial27 Nov 1358Christ Church, Newgate, London, Middlesex, England
Immigrant O
Last Edited25 May 2003 
 
CoParent King of England Edward Plantagenet II
Son-Bio13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III+
Son-Bio*13 Nov 1312King of England Edward Plantagenet III+
Son-Bio*1316John UNKNOWN
Son-Bio*c 15 Aug 1316Earl of Cornwall John 'of Eltham' (?)2
Dau-Bio*1318Eleanor UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*18 Jun 1318Eleanor (?)2
Dau-Bio*1321Joanna (Joan) UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*05 Jul 1321Joan of the Tower (?)2

  1. Isabella Alt. Spelling.
  2. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  3. [S1939] Unknown compiler, 23 MAR 2003.
  4. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0081/g0000059.htm#I2012.

King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I1,2,3,4 (M)
b. 17 Jun 1239, d. 07 Jul 1307
Pedigree
Father-Bio*01 Oct 1207King of England Henry Plantagenet III4
Mother-Bio*1217Eleanor de Provence4
Father-Bio01 Oct 1207Henry III Plantagenet
Mother-Bio1217Eleonor UNKNOWN
Christning Westminster, Middlesex, England
Name-Var King Of England (?)
Note Person Source5
Name-Var Edward I, Longshanks Plantagenet
Note Margaret Capet; Family Source5
Note Eleanor UNKNOWN; Family Source5
Birth*17 Jun 1239Westminster Palace, London, ENG3,4
Birth17 Jun 1239Westminster, Middlesex, England
Marriage*18 Oct 1254Eleanor (?) of Castile; Las Huelgas3,6
Marriage*18 Oct 1254Eleanor UNKNOWN; Abbey DE Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile
Marriage*08 Sep 1299Margaret Capet; Kent, En
Marriage10 Sep 1299Marguerite 'le Hardi' de France; Canterbury, Cathedral4
Death*07 Jul 1307Burgh-on-the-Sands, Near Carlisle, co.Northumberland, ENG3
Death07 Jul 1307Burgh-On-The-San, Cumberland, England
Burial*a 07 Jul 1307Westminster, Abbey, London, England4
Burial28 Oct 1307Westminster Abby, London, Middlesex, England
Immigrant O
Last Edited25 May 2003 
 
CoParent Eleanor (?) of Castile
Dau-Bio*17 Jun 1264Eleanor (?)4
Dau-Bio*1265Joan (?)4
Son-Bio*10 Jul 1266John (?)4
Son-Bio*13 Jul 1267Henry (?)4
Dau-Bio*1271Julian (Katherine) (?)4
Dau-Bio*c 1271Joan of_Acre (?)+4
Son-Bio*24 Nov 1273Earl of Chester Alfonso (?)4
Dau-Bio*11 Sep 1275Margaret (?)4
Dau-Bio*1276Berengaria (?)4
Dau-Bio*11 Mar 1278Mary (?)4
Dau-Bio*12 Mar 1279Alice (?)4
Dau-Bio*Aug 1282Elizabeth (?)4
Son-Bio25 Apr 1284King of England Edward Plantagenet II+
Son-Bio*25 Apr 1284King of England Edward Plantagenet II+4
Dau-Bio*c 1286Beatrice (?)4
Dau-Bio*1290Blanche (?)4
 
CoParent Eleanor UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*c 1265Eleanor UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*c 18 Jul 1269Aliaonor Plantagenet
Dau-Bio*1271Julian Or Katherine Plantagenet
Dau-Bio*1272Joan Plantagenet
Dau-Bio*c 1274Isabel UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*c 1275Margaret Plantagenet
Dau-Bio*12 Mar 1279Alice UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*22 Apr 1279Mary UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*07 Aug 1282Elizabeth Plantagenet+
Dau-Bio*1286Beatrice UNKNOWN
Dau-Bio*c 1290Princess Of England Blanche
Dau-Bio*1290Blance Plantagenet
 
CoParent Margaret Capet
Son-Bio*c 1265John De Botetourt
Son-Bio*01 Jun 1300Thomas Plantagenet
Son-Bio*05 Aug 1301Edmund Plantangenet+
 
CoParent Marguerite 'le Hardi' de France
Son-Bio*01 Jun 1300Earl of Norfolk Thomas 'of Brotherton' (?)4
Son-Bio*05 Aug 1301Earl of Kend Edmund 'of Woodstock' (?)+4
Dau-Bio*04 May 1306Eleanor (?)4

  1. Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law-maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Syria before he became king. In 1277 Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was subdued before his death, by the 1277 treaty of Conway. In 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest surviving son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for his campaigns in Wales and Scotland (including another war in France in 1293), in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy, bishops and abbots, but also the knights of the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy. (Although resembling Parliament in approximately its modern form, for most of the middle ages a parliament meant primarily the king and the lords, with the commons meeting separately. Under pressures of war, and the subsequent need for extraordinary taxation, parliament became a regular feature of royal rule, and this system of representation subsequently became more usual.)
    In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the Stone of Scone; the king John Balliol abdicated and surrendered to Edward. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge in 1297. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the Scots and their leader, Robert Bruce.
    --British Monarchy, Official Web Site http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/plantage.htm#EDWARDI.
  2. [S32] British Monarchy Web Site, online unknown url, http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/plantage.htm#EDWARDI.
  3. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0081/g0000061.htm#I2014.
  4. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  5. [S1939] Unknown compiler, 23 MAR 2003.
  6. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992, Month, Year.

Eleanor (?) of Castile1 (F)
b. c 1244, d. 24 Nov 1290
Pedigree
Father-Bio*1199Ferdinand III (?) King of Castile1
Burial* Westminster, Abbey, London, England1
Birth*c 1244Castile1
Marriage*18 Oct 1254King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I; Las Huelgas2,3
Death*24 Nov 1290Herdeby, Near Grantham, Lincolnshire1
Immigrant O
Last Edited11 Apr 2001 
 
CoParent King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I
Dau-Bio*17 Jun 1264Eleanor (?)1
Dau-Bio*1265Joan (?)1
Son-Bio*10 Jul 1266John (?)1
Son-Bio*13 Jul 1267Henry (?)1
Dau-Bio*1271Julian (Katherine) (?)1
Dau-Bio*c 1271Joan of_Acre (?)+1
Son-Bio*24 Nov 1273Earl of Chester Alfonso (?)1
Dau-Bio*11 Sep 1275Margaret (?)1
Dau-Bio*1276Berengaria (?)1
Dau-Bio*11 Mar 1278Mary (?)1
Dau-Bio*12 Mar 1279Alice (?)1
Dau-Bio*Aug 1282Elizabeth (?)1
Son-Bio*25 Apr 1284King of England Edward Plantagenet II+
Dau-Bio*c 1286Beatrice (?)1
Dau-Bio*1290Blanche (?)1

  1. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  2. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0081/g0000061.htm#I2014.
  3. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992, Month, Year.

King of England Henry Plantagenet III1,2,3,4 (M)
b. 01 Oct 1207, d. 16 Nov 1272
Pedigree
Father-Bio*24 Dec 1166King of England John 'Lackland' Angevin4
Mother-Bio*1189Isabel Taillefer of Angouleme
Birth*01 Oct 1207Winchester Castle, Winchester, Hampshire, England
Marriage*04 Jan 1236Eleanor de Provence; Canterbury, Cathedral3,4
Death*16 Nov 1272Westminster Palace, London, England3,4
Burial*a 16 Nov 1272Westminster Abbey, London, London, England5,4
Immigrant O
Last Edited28 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent Eleanor de Provence
Son-Bio*17 Jun 1239King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I+4
Dau-Bio*29 Sep 1240Margaret (?)4
Dau-Bio*25 Jun 1242Beatrice of ENGLAND
Son-Bio*16 Jan 1245Earl of Leicester Edmund 'Crouchback' (?)+4
Son-Bio*c 1247Richard (?)4
Son-Bio*c 1250John (?)4
Dau-Bio*25 Nov 1253Katherine (?)4
Son-Bio*c 1256William (?)4
Son-Bio*a 1256Henry (?)4

  1. Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became King. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored, based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the King's failed campaigns in France (1230 and 1242), his choice of friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons King of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. Although Henry was extravagant and his tax demands were resented, the King's accounts show a list of many charitable donations and payments for building works (including the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey which began in 1245). The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259) were attempts by the nobles to define common law in the spirit of Magna Carta, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry tried to defeat them by obtaining papal absolution from his oaths, and enlisting King Louis XI's help. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1262 and war broke out. The barons, under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful and even captured Henry. However, Henry escaped, joined forces with the lords of the Marches (on the Welsh border), and Henry finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the King also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster.
    --British Monarchy, Official Web Site http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/plantage.htm#HENRYIII.
  2. [S32] British Monarchy Web Site, online unknown url, http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/plantage.htm#HENRYIII.
  3. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0104/g0000077.htm#I982.
  4. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  5. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo.

Eleanor de Provence1,2 (F)
b. 1217, d. 25 Jun 1291
Pedigree
Father-Bio*1198Raimond VII de Provence Comte de Provence et Fouqualquier
Mother-Bio*c 1201Beatrice de SAVOIE
Father-Bio1198Raimond VII de Provence Comte de Provence et Fouqualquier
Mother-Bioc 1201Beatrice de SAVOIE
Burial* Convent Church, Amesbury2
Name-Var Eleanor of Provence
Note* After King Henry died she took the veil at Amesbury. -Charlotte's Web Geneology http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0104/g0000078.htm#I983
GEDCOM* BURIAL: Convent Church, Amesbury, _FA11
Birth*c 1217Aix-en-Provence3,2
Birth*1217Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhone, France4
Marriage*04 Jan 1236King of England Henry Plantagenet III; Canterbury, Cathedral5,2
Marriagebt 14 Jan 1236 -
1237		Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England6,4
Marriage*bt 14 Jan 1236 -
1237		Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England6,4
Death*24 Jun 1291Amesbury, Wiltshire3,2
Death*25 Jun 1291Amesbury, Wiltshire, England4
Immigrant O
Last Edited29 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent King of England Henry Plantagenet III
Son-Bio*17 Jun 1239King of England Edward 'Longshanks' Plantagenet I+2
Dau-Bio*29 Sep 1240Margaret (?)2
Dau-Bio*25 Jun 1242Beatrice of ENGLAND
Dau-Bio25 Jun 1242Beatrice of ENGLAND2
Son-Bio16 Jan 1245Earl of Leicester Edmund 'Crouchback' (?)+
Son-Bio*16 Jan 1245Earl of Leicester Edmund 'Crouchback' (?)+2
Son-Bio*c 1247Richard (?)2
Son-Bio*c 1250John (?)2
Dau-Bio*25 Nov 1253Katherine (?)2
Son-Bio*c 1256William (?)2
Son-Bio*a 1256Henry (?)2

  1. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0104/g0000078.htm#I983.
  2. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  3. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo.
  4. [S509] Unknown author, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by FrederickLewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999, 1-27.
  5. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0104/g0000077.htm#I982.
  6. [S512] Unknown author, Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter LeeSheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999.

Isabel Taillefer of Angouleme1 (F)
b. 1189, d. 31 May 1245
Pedigree
Father-Bio*c 1160Aymer Of Angouleme Valence TAILLEFER
Mother-Bio*c 1160Alice De COURTENAY
Name-Marr ENGLAND
Burial* Fountevrault Abbey, Anjou, Isere, France
Name-Var Isabella De TAILLEFER
Name-Marr BRUN
Name-Var Isabella De TAILLEFER
Name-Marr Angevin
Burial* Fontevraud Abbey2
Birth*c 1188Angouleme2
Birth*1189Of, Angouleme, Charente, France
Birth*1189Of, Angouleme, Charente, France
Marriage*24 Aug 1200King of England John 'Lackland' Angevin; Bordeaux, Gironde, France3,4,2
Marriage*26 Aug 1200Bordeaux, Gironde, France
Marriage*10 May 1220Hugh X Le Marche Le BRUN; England
Death*31 May 1245Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault L'AB, Maine-Et-Loire, France
Death*31 May 1245Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault L'AB, Maine-Et-Loire, France
Death*31 May 1246Fontevraud2
Immigrant O
Last Edited28 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent Hugh X Le Marche Le BRUN
Son-Bio*c 1220Hugh Xi De LUSIGNAN
Son-Bio*c 1222Guy LUSIGNAN
Son-Bio*c 1224Geoffrey LUSIGNAN
Dau-Bio*c 1224Alice De Brun (Alfaise) LUSIGNAN+
Son-Bio*c 1225William De Valence LUSIGNAN
Dau-Bio*c 1228Isabella De LUSIGNAN
Dau-Bio*c 1228Marguerite De LUSIGNAN
Dau-Bio*c 1230Agatha Agnes LUSIGNAN
 
CoParent King of England John 'Lackland' Angevin
Son-Bio*01 Oct 1207King of England Henry Plantagenet III+
Son-Bio*05 Jan 1209Earl of Cornwall Richard (?)2
Son-Bio05 Jan 1209Earl of Cornwall Richard (?)
Dau-Bioc 1201Joan (?)
Dau-Bio*c 1201Joan (?)2
Dau-Bioc 1214Isabella (?)
Dau-Bio*c 1214Isabella (?)2
Dau-Bioc 1215Eleanor (?)
Dau-Bio*c 1215Eleanor (?)2

  1. Isabella Alt. Spelling.
  2. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  3. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo.
  4. [S512] Unknown author, Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter LeeSheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999.

King of England John 'Lackland' Angevin1,2 (M)
b. 24 Dec 1166, d. 19 Oct 1216
Pedigree
Father-Bio*05 Mar 1133King of England, Duc Normandie, Anjou, Maine Henry Curtmantle (FitzEmpress) Angevin II
Mother-Bio*c 1122Eleanor d'Aquitaine Duchess2
Birth*24 Dec 1166Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England3,4
Marriage*1187Agatha De FERRERS; Coucy, Alsne, France
Marriage*29 Aug 1189Marlborough, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, Divorced 11992,5
Event-Misc1199John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others nor was trusted by them. Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms. This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the King and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall be imprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the Sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the Sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people.
As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.
--British Monarchy, Official Web Site http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/angevin.htm#JOHN
Marriage*24 Aug 1200Isabel Taillefer of Angouleme; Bordeaux, Gironde, France6,3,2
Event-Misc*16 Jun 1215Runnymede, England, Signed THE MAGNA CARTA (The Great Charter): Preamble:
John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishop, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciaries, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and liege subjects, greetings. Know that, having regard to God and for the salvation of our soul, and those of all our ancestors and heirs, and unto the honor of God and the advancement of his holy Church and for the rectifying of our realm, we have granted as underwritten by advice of our venerable fathers, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry, archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of Coventry, Benedict of Rochester, bishops; of Master Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of our lord the Pope, of brother Aymeric (master of the Knights of the Temple in England), and of the illustrious men William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, William, earl of Salisbury, William, earl of Warenne, William, earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway (constable of Scotland), Waren Fitz Gerold, Peter Fitz Herbert, Hubert De Burgh (seneschal of Poitou), Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip d'Aubigny, Robert of Roppesley, John Marshal, John Fitz Hugh, and others, our liegemen.-- Prepared by Nancy Troutman (The Cleveland Free-Net - aa345) Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN).
Death*19 Oct 1216Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England6,2,3
Burial*a 19 Oct 1216Worcester, Cathedral2
Immigrant O
Last Edited28 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent Agatha De FERRERS
Dau-Bio*22 Jul 1188Joan ENGLAND+
 
CoParent Isabel Taillefer of Angouleme
Son-Bio*01 Oct 1207King of England Henry Plantagenet III+2
Son-Bio*05 Jan 1209Earl of Cornwall Richard (?)2
Dau-Bioc 1201Joan (?)
Dau-Bio*c 1201Joan (?)2
Dau-Bio*c 1214Isabella (?)2
Dau-Bio*c 1215Eleanor (?)2

  1. [S32] British Monarchy Web Site, online unknown url, http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/angevin.htm#JOHN.
  2. [S96] (216) 237-5364 e-mail address, 25 Dec., 1992.
  3. [S512] Unknown author, Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter LeeSheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999.
  4. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo, Year: 1167.
  5. [S513] Unknown author, Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles MosleyEditor-in-Chief, 1999.
  6. [S33] Jones Ancestors, online http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjo.

King of England, Duc Normandie, Anjou, Maine Henry Curtmantle (FitzEmpress) Angevin II1,2,3,4 (M)
b. 05 Mar 1133, d. 06 Jul 1189
Pedigree
Father-Bio*24 Aug 1113Geoffroi V 'Plantagenet' d'Anjou Count d'Anjou, Maine, Duc Normandie j.u.
Mother-Bio*b 05 Aug 1102Matilda (?) of England
Marriage<1167>
Marriage<1167>Alice PORHOET;
MarriageNot MarriedRosamund de Clifford5
Event-Misc 1154-1189, Type: Ruled
Note Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of theEmpress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage to Geoffreythe Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestous, and bothparties were glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda goingto England to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win aheritage for young Henry. He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made herdramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across theice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. Hisnext visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited asmall army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, butfailed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended upborrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, twoyears later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, hiswere skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimesfrightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, ofwhich his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of hisfather's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for hisduchy. There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him. Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great dealfor the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in theirlives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford,and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, shewould bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in herown right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit andwin, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees inthe south. Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He wasintelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write;immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who lovedtravel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages;carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to concealhis baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned notto grow fat. But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed with alarge force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quickly gainedcontrol of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucialbattle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because inthepreparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, abad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, acheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxiousadvisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parleyprivately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: therewere only two of them there, at the narowest point of the Thames, withHenry on one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem tohave come to an agreement to take negotiations further. That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry anheir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced hisfaithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soonconfirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule inhis place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry andEleanor were crowned in London. Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensedcastles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handedjustice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked bycivil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared:first Henry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, whenguerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killedhim; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changedfrom being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162. The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination tocontinue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice in thecountry. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royaljustices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal localsystems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 andNorthampton in 1176, he got his council's agreeemnt to a series ofmeasures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with thewidest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel,too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like amodern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, theassize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system. Henry travelled constantly, and much of the time in his Contninentalterritories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usuallyinspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined to keepthe integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do thiswas no small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King ofFrance which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again didhomage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine andBrittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henrycrowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession,surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the worldonto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had nointention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title doesnot rest until he has that title's power. Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland -- escaping fromthe world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas atDublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish. Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them torevolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to theFrench court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henryclamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilsthe was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland,and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen brokeinto revolt. Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealingwith the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned toEngland, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town hewalked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and wentto keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming outto relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monksof Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, butsome with bitterness in their hearts laying on with five. It was worth it though, for the very morning his vigil ended Henry wasbrought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He movedquickly northwards, receving rebels' submission all the time. He met upwith Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'My othersons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my true andlegitimate son.' Returning to France, he quickly came to an agreement with Louis and histhree rebel sons, giving each a substantial income, though still no shareof power. Richard set to work reducing the Duchy of Aquitaine to order, and quicklyproved himself an able general who performed tremendous feats, such ascapturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with three walls andmoats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue -- theyloved war for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand de Born, showswell in his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadows tents andpavilions spread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn up on the fieldknights and horses in battle array; and it delights me when the scoutsscatter people and herds in their path; and my heart is filled withgladness when I see strong castles besieged, and the stockades broken andoverwhelmed, and the warriors on the bank, girt about by fosses, with aline of strong stakes, interlaced . . . Maces, swords, helms of differenthues, shields that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fightbegins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the deadand wounded roving at random. And when battle is joined, let all men ofgood lineage think of nought but the breaking of heads and arms: I tellyou I find no such savour in food or in wine or in sleep as in hearingthe shout 'On! On!' from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that havelost their riders, and the cries of 'Help! Help!'; and in seeing mengreat and small go down on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at lastthe dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.' These robust knights were actively encouraged by the young King Henry.He was handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless andthoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than the seriousbusiness of government. Then in the midle of his new rebellion he caughtdisentery and shortly died. His devoted followers were thunderstruck --one young lad actually pined to death -- and the rebellion fizzled out. The young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was notgoing to rush into making a new one. He called his favourite youngestson, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into hisbrother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favourite -- had made Aquitainehis home and worked hard to establish his control there; he refused togive his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back to Eleanor herself. Henry packed John off to Ireland (which he speedily turned againsthimself) whilst he arranged to get Eleanor out of her prison and bringher to Aquitaine to receive back the duchy. Meanwhile the new King ofFrance, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on English territories,all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, were supposed to beplanning a joint crusade. In 1188 Henry, already ill with the absessed anal fistula that was tocause him such an agonising death, refused pointblank to recogniseRichard as his heir. The crazy project for substituting John was at theroot of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself into thinking hewas playing his usual canny hand. But diplomacy was giving way to the Greekest of tragedies. In June 1189,Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in Le Mans, and hewas forced to withdraw with a small company of knights, showering curseson God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy, he rode hard, hisusual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsened his physicalcondition and, in high fever, he made no effort to call up forces to hisaid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so ill he had to be heldon his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled his abject agreement to theirevery condition for peace. Back in bed after his last conference he was brought the news that John,for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side. Two sons-- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels -- lived, and it washis bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his last sickness. There wasnot even a bishop in his suite to give him the last rites. Over andagain he cried out in agony 'Shame! shame on a vanquished king!' After his death the servants plundered him, leaving him in a shirt anddrawers. When the marshall came to arrange the burial he had to scratcharound for garments in which to dress the body. A bit of threadbare goldedging from a cloak was put around Henry's head to represent hissovereignty. And yet Henry had forseen it all. According to Gerald of Wales, he hadlong before ordered a fresco for one of his rooms at Winchester: thepicture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourthperched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time shouldcome. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & NobleBooks, New York, 1995]5
Note* Henry II (reigned 1154-89) ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. One of the strongest, most energetic and imaginative rulers, Henry was the inheritor of three dynasties who had acquired Aquitaine by marriage; his charters listed them: 'King of the English, Duke of the Normans and Aquitanians and Count of the Angevins'. The King spent only 13 years of his reign in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. Henry's rapid movements in carrying out his dynastic responsibilities astonished the French King, who noted 'now in England, now in Normandy, he must fly rather than travel by horse or ship'. By 1158, Henry had restored to the Crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen; Malcom IV of Scotland was compelled to return the northern counties. Locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry made use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law.
Henry's disagreements with the Archbishop of Canterbury (the king's former chief adviser), Thomas à Becket, over Church-State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170 and a papal interdict on England. Family disputes over territorial ambitions almost wrecked the king's achievements. Henry died in France in 1189, at war with his son Richard who had joined forces with king Philip of France to attack Normandy.
--British Monarchy, Official Web Site http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/angevin.htm#HENRYII
Burial Fontevraud Abbey, Frontevraud, Anjou, France6,4
Burial Abbey of Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France5
GEDCOM* Rosamund de Clifford; _MST Other5
Birth*05 Mar 1133Le Mans, Normandie, FRA3
Marriage11 May 1152Eleanor d'Aquitaine Duchess; Bordeaux, Gironde, France
Marriage*18 May 1152Eleanor d'Aquitaine Duchess; Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, Gascony, FRA3,4
Marriage18 May 1153Annabel BALLIOL
Occupation*bt 1154 -
1189		King of England7,5
GEDCOM19 Dec 1154Recognized as King of England upon death of King Stephen, _FA75
Marriageb 1173Rosamond 'Fair Rosamond' de Clifford; No Marriage
Death*06 Jul 1189Chinon near Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France8,9
Burial*08 Jul 1189Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Loire, France
Immigrant O
Last Edited28 Mar 2003 
 
CoParent Rosamund de Clifford
Dau-Bio*<1163>Miss FITZHENRY+
Son-Bio*c 1159Geoffrey PLANTAGENET
Son-Bio*b 1173William de Longespée , Earl of Salisbury+5
 
CoParent Alice PORHOET
Child-Bio*c 1168(?) ENGLAND
 
CoParent Eleanor d'Aquitaine Duchess
Son-Bio*17 Aug 1152William (?)4
Son-Bio*bt 28 Feb 1154 -
1155		King of England Henry 'the Young King' (?)4
Dau-Bio*1156Matilda (Maud) (?)4
Son-Bio*13 Sep 1157King of England Richard Coeur de Lion Angevin I4
Son-Bio*23 Sep 1158Duke of Brittany Geoffrey (?)+4
Son-Bio*c 1160Philip ENGLAND
Dau-Bio*13 Oct 1162Eleanor Angevin+4
Dau-Bio*bt Oct 1164 -
1165		Joan Plantagenet4
Son-Bio*24 Dec 1166King of England John 'Lackland' Angevin+

  1. Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of theEmpress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage to Geoffreythe Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestous, and both partieswere glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda going toEngland to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win a heritagefor young Henry. He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made herdramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across theice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. Hisnext visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited asmall army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, butfailed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended upborrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, twoyears later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, hiswere skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimesfrightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, ofwhich his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of hisfather's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for his duchy.There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him. Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great dealfor the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in theirlives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford,and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, shewould bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in herown right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit andwin, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees inthe south. Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He wasintelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write;immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who lovedtravel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages;carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to concealhis baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned notto grow fat. But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed with alarge force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quickly gainedcontrol of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucialbattle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because inthepreparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, abad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, acheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxiousadvisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parleyprivately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: there wereonly two of them there, at the narowest point of the Thames, with Henryon one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem to havecome to an agreement to take negotiations further. That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry anheir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced hisfaithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soonconfirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule inhis place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry andEleanor were crowned in London. Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensedcastles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handedjustice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked bycivil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared: firstHenry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, whenguerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killedhim; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changedfrom being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162. The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination tocontinue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice in thecountry. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royaljustices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal localsystems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 andNorthampton in 1176, he got his council's agreeemnt to a series ofmeasures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with thewidest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel,too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like amodern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, theassize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system. Henry travelled constantly, and much of the time in his Contninentalterritories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usuallyinspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined to keepthe integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do this wasno small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King ofFrance which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again didhomage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine andBrittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henrycrowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession,surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the worldonto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had nointention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title doesnot rest until he has that title's power. Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland -- escaping fromthe world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas atDublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish. Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them torevolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to theFrench court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henryclamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilsthe was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland,and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen brokeinto revolt. Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealingwith the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned toEngland, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town hewalked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and wentto keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming outto relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monksof Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, butsome with bitterness in their hearts laying on with five. It was worth it though, for the very morning his vigil ended Henry wasbrought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He movedquickly northwards, receving rebels' submission all the time. He met upwith Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'My othersons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my true andlegitimate son.' Returning to France, he quickly came to an agreement with Louis and histhree rebel sons, giving each a substantial income, though still no shareof power. Richard set to work reducing the Duchy of Aquitaine to order, and quicklyproved himself an able general who performed tremendous feats, such ascapturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with three walls andmoats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue -- they lovedwar for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand de Born, shows wellin his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadows tents and pavilionsspread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn up on the field knightsand horses in battle array; and it delights me when the scouts scatterpeople and herds in their path; and my heart is filled with gladness whenI see strong castles besieged, and the stockades broken and overwhelmed,and the warriors on the bank, girt about by fosses, with a line of strongstakes, interlaced . . . Maces, swords, helms of different hues, shieldsthat will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and manyvassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and woundedroving at random. And when battle is joined, let all men of good lineagethink of nought but the breaking of heads and arms: I tell you I find nosuch savour in food or in wine or in sleep as in hearing the shout 'On!On!' from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost theirriders, and the cries of 'Help! Help!'; and in seeing men great and smallgo down on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at last the dead, withthe pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.' These robust knights were actively encouraged by the young King Henry. Hewas handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless andthoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than the seriousbusiness of government. Then in the midle of his new rebellion he caughtdisentery and shortly died. His devoted followers were thunderstruck --one young lad actually pined to death -- and the rebellion fizzled out. The young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was notgoing to rush into making a new one. He called his favourite youngestson, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into hisbrother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favourite -- had made Aquitainehis home and worked hard to establish his control there; he refused togive his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back to Eleanor herself. Henry packed John off to Ireland (which he speedily turned againsthimself) whilst he arranged to get Eleanor out of her prison and bringher to Aquitaine to receive back the duchy. Meanwhile the new King ofFrance, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on English territories,all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, were supposed to beplanning a joint crusade. In 1188 Henry, already ill with the absessed anal fistula that was tocause him such an agonising death, refused pointblank to recogniseRichard as his heir. The crazy project for substituting John was at theroot of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself into thinking hewas playing his usual canny hand. But diplomacy was giving way to the Greekest of tragedies. In June 1189,Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in Le Mans, and hewas forced to withdraw with a small company of knights, showering curseson God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy, he rode hard, hisusual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsened his physicalcondition and, in high fever, he made no effort to call up forces to hisaid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so ill he had to be heldon his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled his abject agreement to theirevery condition for peace. Back in bed after his last conference he was brought the news that John,for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side. Two sons-- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels -- lived, and it washis bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his last sickness. There wasnot even a bishop in his suite to give him the last rites. Over and againhe cried out in agony 'Shame! shame on a vanquished king!' After his death the servants plundered him, leaving him in a shirt anddrawers. When the marshall came to arrange the burial he had to scratcharound for garments in which to dress the body. A bit of threadbare goldedging from a cloak was put around Henry's head to represent hissovereignty. And yet Henry had forseen it all. According to Gerald of Wales, he hadlong before ordered a fresco for one of his rooms at Winchester: thepicture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourthperched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time shouldcome. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & NobleBooks, New York, 1995] Henry II was born at Le Mans in 1133. He was the eldest son of theEmpress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, by her second marriage to Geoffreythe Fair of Anjou. His parents' marriage was tempestous, and both partieswere glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda going toEngland to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win a heritagefor young Henry. He first came to England at the age of nine when his mother made herdramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across theice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. Hisnext visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited asmall army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, butfailed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended upborrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, twoyears later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, hiswere skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimesfrightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, ofwhich his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of hisfather's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for his duchy.There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him. Henry was by no means averse. To steal a king's wife does a great dealfor the ego of a young duke; he was as lusty as she, and late in theirlives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford,and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, shewould bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in herown right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit andwin, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees inthe south. Henry was, apart from his prospects, a 'catch' for any woman. He wasintelligent, had learned Latin and could read and possibly write;immensely strong and vigorous, a sportsman and hard rider who lovedtravel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages;carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to concealhis baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned notto grow fat. But now he was in the prime of youth, and in 1153, when he landed with alarge force in Bristol, the world was ready to be won. He quickly gainedcontrol of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucialbattle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because inthepreparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, abad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, acheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxiousadvisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parleyprivately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: there wereonly two of them there, at the narowest point of the Thames, with Henryon one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem to havecome to an agreement to take negotiations further. That summer Stephen's son died mysteriously, and Eleanor bore Henry anheir (about the same time as an English whore Hikenai produced hisfaithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soonconfirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule inhis place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry andEleanor were crowned in London. Henry was only 21, but he soon showed his worth, destroying unlicensedcastles, and dispersing the foreign mercenaries. He gave even-handedjustice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked bycivil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared: firstHenry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, whenguerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killedhim; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changedfrom being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162. The quarrel with Becket was linked with the King's determination tocontinue his grandfather's reform of the administration of justice in thecountry. He was anxious for a uniform pattern, operated by royaljustices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal localsystems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 andNorthampton in 1176, he got his council's agreeemnt to a series ofmeasures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with thewidest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel,too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like amodern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, theassize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system. Henry travelled constantly, and much of the time in his Contninentalterritories, for there were constant rebellions to deal with, usuallyinspired or encouraged by Louis of France. Henry was determined to keepthe integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do this wasno small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King ofFrance which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again didhomage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine andBrittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henrycrowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession,surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the worldonto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had nointention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title doesnot rest until he has that title's power. Late in 1171 Henry had a pleasant interlude in Ireland -- escaping fromthe world's condemnation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas atDublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish. Meanwhile, Eleanor had been intriguing with her sons, urging them torevolt and demand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to theFrench court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henryclamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilsthe was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland,and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen brokeinto revolt. Plainly it was St. Thomas's revenge, and there was no hope of dealingwith the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned toEngland, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town hewalked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and wentto keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming outto relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monksof Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, butsome